Others Historical site

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Mahasthangarh:Located at a distance of 18 km north of Bogra town, Mahasthangarh is the oldest archaeological site of Bangladesh on the western bank of river Karatoa. The spectacular site is an imposing landmark in the area having a fortified long enclosure. Beyond the fortified area, other ancient ruins fan out within a semi circle of about 8 km. radius. Several isolated mounds, the local names of which are Govinda Bhita Temple, Khodai Pathar Mound, Mankalir
Kunda, Parsuramer Bedi, Jiyat Kunda etc. surround the fortified city. This 3rd century B. C. archaeological site is still held to be of great sanctity by the Hindus. Every year (mid April) and once in every 12 years (December) thousands of Hindu devotees join the bathing ceremony on the bank of river Karatoa. A visit to the Mahasthangarh site museum will open up for one a wide variety of antiquities, ranging from terracotta objects to gold ornaments and coins recovered from the site. Also noteworthy are the shrine of Shah Sultan Bulkhi Mahisawary and Gokul Medh in the neighborhood of Mahasthangarh.




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Paharpur:Paharpur is a small village 5 km west of Jamalganj railway station in the greater Rajshahi district where the remains of the most important and the largest known monastery, south of the Himalayas has been excavated. This 8th century a. D. archaeological finds covers approximately an area of 27 acres of land. The entire establishment, occupying a quadrangular court, measuring more than 900 ft. and from 12 ft to 15 ft in height with
Elaborate gateway complex on the north, there are 45 cells on the north and 44 in each of other three sides with a total number of 177 rooms. The architecture of the pyramidal cruciform temple is profoundly influenced by those of southeast Asia, especially Myanmar and Java. It had taken its name from a high mound, which like Pahar or hillock. A site museum houses the representative collection of objects recovered from the area. The excavated findings have also been preserved at the Varendra Research Museum at Rajshahi. The antiquities of the museum include terracotta plaque, images of different gods and goddesses, potteries, coins inscriptions, ornamental bricks and other minor clay objects. It has been declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.


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Shat-Gambuj Mosque:15th century AD in Bagerhat district, a wonderful architectural design of medieval period was founded by famous Muslim saint khanJahan Ali in 1459. This massive structure was entirely made of brick and stone. It is one of the largest and significant among all the mosques in Bangladesh and now a world heritage site. At the same time he constructed several other mosques in Bagerhat and adjoining areas.







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Mainamati:About eight km to the west of Comilla town and 114 km South-east of Dhaka lies the low hills known as Mainamati Lalmai ridge an extensive center of Buddhist culture. On the slopes of these hills lie scattered a treasure of information about the early Buddhist civilization (8th to 12th century). At Salban in the middle of the ridge, excavations laid bare a large Buddhist Vihara (monastery) and imposing central shrine.
It has revealed valuable information of the rule of the Chandra and Deva dynasties, which flourished here from the 8th to 12th century A. D. The whole range of hillocks run for about 18th km and is studded with more than 50 sites. A site museum housed the archaeological finds, which include terracotta plaques, bronze statues and casket, coins, jewellery, utensils pottery and votive stupas embossed with Buddhist inscription.




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Sunderbans:The Sunderbans is the mirror image of many facts of a single one. Located about 320km, southwest of Dhaka and spread over an area of about 6000sq,km of deltaic swamps along the coastal belt of Khulna. It is the largest mangrove forest of the world. In the deeper parts of it there are The Royal Bengal Tigers and Crocodiles in water. The hidden beauties of the Sunderbans are enormous. The attractive beauties of the deep green forestry as seen in the morning and evening, the cock-a- doodles at dawn, basking of Crocodiles in groups on the shores, the quick group movements of the Deer and their drinking of water and the beautiful seashore will, no doubt, fill your hearts with unknown and unexplainable feeling of pleasure and joy. Sundary trees are one of the important assets of the Sunderbans. Basically, the name of Sunderbans is derived from Sundari and also from its immense beauty. The six different seasons give different views of the forest.
In rainy season, the forest is seen with fresh green leaves as if full of adolescence. The canal, in this period is full of fishes and one can get pleasure in fishing. On the seashore, you will be delighted to see the big white waves of the sea and at night the full moonlight.
In winter, the guest birds and ducks will take you to a new world and you will see the different movements of Deer and Monkeys.
The honey, goal leaves collection and fishing by the mawaliare people one of the traditional scenes for their existence for living.
Different species of Monkey, Deer, Birds, Crocodiles, Snakes, Ducks, water Peacocks, Seagull and such many varieties of animals, not to mention of the great Royal Bengal Tiger are present in the Sunderbans. UNESCO has declared the Sunderbans a world heritage site that it offers splendid opportunities for tourism. The main tourist spots inside the Sunderbans include Hiron Point, Katka, Dubla and Tri Kona Island. Water transport is only means of communication with the Sunderbans from Khulna or Mongla. Sunrise Tours having comfortable cruiser on these routes.


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Sylhet & Srimongal:Greater Sylhet, the land of two leaves and a bud, the major tea plantation area and the home of the Monipuri, Khasia, and Garo tribal people. Located in the gentle sloping upland in the picturesque valley between the Khasia, Jaintia and Tripura hills, amid scenic tea plantation and lush green tropical forest is a prime attraction. Sylhet one of the largest tea producing area in the world. The Monipuri tribes are famous for there Monipuri dance and weaving. Srimongal in Sylhet, known as the tea capital of Bangladesh, is the main tea centre of the area. For miles and miles around, the visitor can see the teagardens spread like green carpet over the plain land or on the slopping hills. Sylhet is linked with Dhaka by rail, road and air. Sunrise Tours arrange transfer, accommodation, and food with sight seeing for the visitors there.


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Mymensingh:The Mymensingh district stretches from the plains north of Dhaka to the Garo foothills that edge the northern border with India. Along the frontier line many tribes such as Garos, Hajongs and Kochis who are ethnically quite distinct from the people around them. Mymensingh has earned an important position in Bengla literature for its rich folklores and folk song. On the road from Dhaka to Mymensingh there is a national park and game sanctuary at Madhupur about 160km from Dhaka. There are a number of reserve forests in the area with guesthouse and picnic spots. The famous painter Abedin’s Art Gallery at Mymensingh town is worth visitor.





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Rangamit:From Chittagong, a 77 km winding road that passes through lush green fields and forested hills take you to Rangamati at the heart of the Lake District. The township is located on the western bank of Kaptai Lake. Rangamati is a favorite holiday resort because of its scenic beauty and its lakeside location, its colorful tribes, homespun textile products, ivory and jewellery. For tourists the attractions of Rangamati are numerous, speed boat cruising, water skiing, bathing or merely enjoying nature as it is. It is a rare spot for eco-tourism. Visitors are fascinated by the rich culture of its ethnic people. A visit to the tribal museum and the hanging bridge on the lake a must.


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Bandarbans:Ninety-two km from Chittagong by a metalled road, Bandarban is the district headquarters of the Bandarban hill district. It is hometown of the Bohmanf Chief who is the head of the Mogh tribe. The Moghs are of Myanmar origin and Buddhists by religion. The Moghs are a simple and Hospitable people. Bandarban is also the home of the Murangs who are famous For their music and dance. Several other tribes of great ethnogical interest live in the remote areas of the district. The highest peak of Bangladesh - Tahjin dong (4632 ft)- is located in the Bandarban district.



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Khagrachari:Khagrachari is the district headquarters of Khagrachari hill district. Connected to Chittagong by a 92 km all-weather metalled road, Khagrachari is ringed by thick rain forests that shelter a wide variety of birds and animals. For the tourist seeking nature in a restful mood, Khagrachari is the place.



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Teknef- the southern most tip of Bangladesh. It is situated on the bank of Naaf River and just at the end of the hill regions of the district. Myanmar is on the opposite bank of Naaf River. Wild animals and birds are available here but the most interesting thing is a journey on the river. Wide sandy beach in the backdrop of high hills with green forests is an enchanting scene never to be forgotten.

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St’ Martin -St’ Martin is the country’s only coral island and an unspoilt paradise. Named Narikel Jinjira (Coconut Island) by the locals, the dumbbell St’ Martin’s has an area of only 8 sq km. it is situated 48 km from Teknef. Sunrise Tours arrange transfer, accommodation and food with sight seeing and other facilities.



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Inani Beach - Inani is within Ukhia Thana, 35 km to the south of Cox’s Bazar. With green hills to the east, the golden beach of Inani casts a music spell on anyone stepping on to its fine golden sands. The clean blue waters of the Bay are ideal for swimming.



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Patenga Beach - The Patenga beach at Chittagong is one of the most popular beaches of Bangladesh, stretching for miles near at the meeting place of the Bay of Bengal and the river Karnaphuli. Nature lovers come around here to enjoy the scenic sunrise and sunset.

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Cox’s Bazar - Miles of golden sands, towering waves, rare conch shells, colorful Pagodas, Buddhist Temples and delightful sea-food- all this makes what Cox’s Bazar is today, the tourist capital of Bangladesh. The world largest unbroken (120 km) beach slopes here down to the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal against the picturesque background of a chain of hills covered with deep forests.

Cox’s Bazar is one of the most attractive tourist spots in the world. The warm shark free waters are good for bathing and swimming. The beauty of the setting-sun behind the waves of the sea is simply captivating. Locally made variety of cigars and handloom products of the tribal Rakhyne families are good buys.

Located at a distance of 152 km south of Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar is connected both by air & road from Dhaka and Chittagong.





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Sitakunda:(Chandranath Hindu Temple)It is approximately 37 km far from Chittagong. This is famous for Chandranath Hindu Temple - one of the oldest temples in the subcontinent. There is also Buddhist Temple having a footprint of Lord Buddha. The hindus and buddhist regard these places particularly the hilltops as very sacred. Shiva Chanuturdash (14th) festivals is held every year in February when thousands of pilgrims assemble which lasts for ten days. There is also a hot-water spring 5 km to the north of Sitakunda.



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Mymensingh:(Trishal)It is the place where innumerable boyhood memories of our national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam are found around. It is situated 20 km away from Mymensingh town. Nazrul was a student of Darrirumpur High School under Trisal police station. Here a cultural organization styled as Nazrul
Academy has been established in memory of the great poet. Rebel poet Kazi Nazrul, the shelley of Bangladesh is in eternal sleep besides Dhaka University Central Mosque.


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Jessore:(Sagordari)The birthplace of the celebrated poet Micheal Modhusudan Dutt. By most accounts the first modern poet of Bangla Literature. Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation is building a Rest house and other tourist facilities in the place.


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Dinajpur:(Kantaji Temple)18th Century Ad is situated in Birganj near Dinajpur district. Maharaja Pran Nath built this Temple in 1752. Every inch of the temple surface in beautifully decorated with exquisite terracotta plaques, representing flora and fauna, mythological scenes and an astonishing array of contemporary social happening and favorite pastimes.



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Kustia:(Shilaidaha Kutihibari)The beautiful mansion carries memories of Nobel laureate poet Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) who made frequent visits to this place and used to stay here. in connection with administration of his Zamindari Tajone update many of his short stories songs and poem in this house. It is located at a distance of about 20 km. from Kustia town.



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Natore:Dighapatiya Rajbari (Place)Natore lies about 40 km. from Rajshahi and is an old seat of the Maharajah of Dighapatiya, now serving as the Uttara Ganabhaban (The Official northern region residence of the President of the republic). The place has large, spacious grounds and is surrounded by a fine moat. The place has well-equipped guesthouse, an imposing gateway and a fine garden decorated with statues of white marble.


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Sonargaon:About 29 km. from Dhaka, Sonargaon dating back from the 13th century. Is one of the oldest capitals of Bengal. A folk-arts and craft museum has been established here. Among the ancient monuments still intact are the tomb of Sultan Abdul Alla and a beautiful mosque in Goaldi village.










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dhaka

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Dhaka:The capital of Bangladesh is Dhaka with its exciting history and rich culture. It has attracted travelers from far and near through ages. However, according to recorded history it was founded in 1608 A.D. as the seat of the imperial Mughal viceroy of Bengal. Dhaka as the capital of Bangladesh has grown into a busy city of about eight million people with an area of about 1353sq.km. Having a happy blending of old and new architectural trends, Dhaka has been developing fast as a modern city and is throbbing with activities in all spheres of life. It is the center of industrial, commercial, cultural, educational and political activities for Bangladesh.
Some of the outstanding tourist attractions of Dhaka are flows

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There is no place named Ayubnagar in & arround Dhaka.Parliament house is located at Sher-e- Bangla Nagar.In Bangladesh it is a crime to address the place as Ayubnagar.










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21st february my pride

When the day of 21st February arrives, we the Bangladeshi really feel proud, this is the day of International Mother Language Day. In this day of 21st February, 1952 the people of Banglaesh (the then east pakistani - Bengali people) sacrifised their souls dedicating to their mother language Bangla (bengali language). No nation in the history ever gave their lives for their own language. That is our pride. We know how to give live for my language and also land.

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Lalbagh Fort:The fort was built in 1678 by Prince Mohammad Azam, son of Mughal emperor Aurangozeb. The fort a was the scene of bloody battle during the first war of independence (1857) when 250 soldiers stationed here backed by people revolted against British forces. Besides the main structure, Lalbagh Fort

also has a number of other buildings and monuments such as the tomb of Pari Bibi, Lalbagh mosque, audience hall and hammam khana (bathing place) of Nawab Shaista Khan now housing a museum.

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Ahsan Manzil Museum:On the bank of river Buriganga in Dhaka the Pink majestic Ahsan Manzil has been renovated and turne

d into a museum recently. It is an epitome of the nation's rich cultural heritage. It is the home of Nawab of Dhaka and a silent spectator to many events.
Today's renovated Ahsan Manzil a monument of immense historical beauty. It has 31 rooms with a huge dome atop which can be seen from miles Around. It now has 23 galleries in 31 rooms displaying of traits, furniture and household articles and utensils used by the Nawab.

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National Memorial: Located at Savar, about 35km from Dhaka, the national memorial was designed by architect Moinul Hossain. It is dedicated to the sacred memory of the million of unknown martyrs of the war of liberation in 1971.

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National Museum: Established as Dhaka Museum in 1913. It has been renamed as the National Museum and was shifted to its new building at Shahbag in 1983. It is a four storied building and has forty galleries under four departments, namely, (1) Natural History (2) History and Classical Art. (3) Ethnography and Decorative Art and (4) Contemporary Art and World Civilization. The museum contains a large number of interesting collection including sculptures and paintings of the Buddhist and Muslim periods. It also has rich collection of old coins, metal images, books on art, ivory and silver filigree works, textiles including the world famous muslin fabric, embroidered quit (Nakshi Khatha), arms and ammunitions of the bygone warriors, varieties of fine handicrafts and models of the village and town life, contemporary paintings and sculptures. Above all, the valuable articles of the heroic liberation war of Bangladesh are also there.
Places of interest in Dhaka- Mosque, Hindu Temples, Churches, Suhrawardy Uddyan (Garden), Ramna Green, National Botanical Garden, Dhaka Zoological garden, National Park, Folk Art Museum, etc.

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NEWS

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" MD ziaur rahaman Born: 1936 AD Died: 1981 AD, at 45 years of age. Nationality: Bangladeshi Categories: Politician, Presidents, Prime Ministers Ziaur Rahman 1936 – He was born in the village of Bagbari in the Bogra District of the province of Bengal (now in northwest Bangladesh.) 1953 – He spent his adolescent years in Karachi and enrolled in the D. J. College. 1955 – He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army. 1957 – He was transferred to the East Bengal Regiment after serving for two years in Karachi. 1959 – He worked in the department of military intelligence. 1960 – His marriage was arranged to Khaleda Zia, a young Bengali girl from the Dinajpur District who was 15 years old. 1966 – He was appointed military instructor at the Pakistan Military Academy, later going on to attend the prestigious Command and Staff College in Quetta, where he completed a course in command and tactical warfare. 1975 – He was appointed chief of army staff following the assassination of Sheikh Mujib Rahman. 1977 – He declared himself as the President. 1978 – He won a referendum. 1981 – He was assassinated in an abortive military coup. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' The "independent, sovereign republic of Bangladesh" was first proclaimed in a radio message broadcast from a captured station in Chittagong on March 26, 1971. Two days later, the "Voice of Independent Bangladesh" announced that a "Major Zia" (actually Ziaur Rahman, later president of Bangladesh) would form a new government with himself occupying the "presidency." Zia's selfappointment was considered brash, especially by Mujib, who in subsequent years would hold a grudge. Quickly realizing that his action was unpopular, Zia yielded his "office" to the incarcerated Mujib. The following month a provisional government was established in Calcutta by a number of leading Awami League members who had escaped from East Pakistan. On April 17, the "Mujibnagar" government formally proclaimed independence and named Mujib as its president. On December 6, India became the first nation to recognize the new Bangladeshi government. When the West Pakistani surrender came ten days later, the provisional government had some organization in place, but it was not until December 22 that members of the new government arrived in Dhaka, having been forced to heed the advice of the Indian military that order must quickly be restored. Representatives of the Bangladeshi government and the Mukti Bahini were absent from the ceremony of surrender of the Pakistan Army to the Indian Army on December 16. Bangladeshis considered this ceremony insulting, and it did much to sour relations between Bangladesh and India. At independence, Mujib was in jail in West Pakistan, where he had been taken after his arrest on March 25. He had been convicted of treason by a military court and sentenced to death. Yahya did not carry out the sentence, perhaps as a result of pleas made by many foreign governments. With the surrender of Pakistani forces in Dhaka and the Indian proclamation of a cease-fire on the western front, Yahya relinquished power to a civilian government under Bhutto, who released Mujib and permitted him to return to Dhaka via London and New Delhi. On January 10, 1972, Mujib arrived in Dhaka to a tumultuous welcome. Mujib first assumed the title of president but vacated that office two days later to become the prime minister. Mujib pushed through a new constitution that was modeled on the Indian Constitution. The Constitution--adopted on November 4, 1972--stated that the new nation was to have a prime minister appointed by the president and approved by a single-house parliament. The Constitution enumerates a number of principles on which Bangladesh is to be governed. These have come to be known as the tenets of "Mujibism" (or "Mujibbad"), which include the four pillars of nationalism, socialism, secularism, and democracy. In the following years, however, Mujib discarded everything Bangladesh theoretically represented: constitutionalism, freedom of speech, rule of law, the right to dissent, and equal opportunity of employment. Data as of September 1988 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Rahman, (Shahid) Ziaur (1936-1981) Preside n t of Bangladesh, Chief of Army Staff, leading freedom fighter, who declared the Independence of Bangladesh. Ziaur Rahman was born on l9 January 1936 at Ba gbari in Bogra. His father Mansur Rahman was a chemist working in a government department in Calcutta. His early childhood was spent partly in the rural area of Bogra and partly in Calcutta. After the partition of India (1947), when his father was transferred to Karachi, Zia had to leave the Hare School in Calcutta and became a student of the Academy School in Karachi. He completed his secondary education from that School in 1952. In 1953, he got himself admitted into the D.J. College in Karachi. In the same year he joined the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul as an officer cadet. Shahid Ziaur Rahman was commissioned in 1955 as a second lieutenant. He served there for two years, and in 1957, he was transferred to East Bengal Regiment. He also worked in the military intelligence department from 1959 to 1964. In the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 he made his mark as a valiant fighter in the Khemkaran sector as the commander of a company, and incidentally, his company was one of those which were offered maximum gallantry awards for heroic performances in the war. He was appointed a professional instructor in the Pakistan Military Academy in 1966. In the same year he was sent to the Staff College in Quetta for attending a command course. In 1969, he joined the Second East Bengal Regiment as its second-in-command at Joydevpur. He was sent to West Germany for higher training. On his return home in 1970 Ziaur Rahman, then a major, was transferred to Eighth East Bengal Regiment at Chittagong as its second in command. After the military crackdown since the night of 25 March 1971 sheikh mujibur rahman was arrested and the political leaders dispersed. The people were at a loss. At this crucial moment when the political leadership failed to give any direction, the Eighth East Bengal Regiment under the leadership of Major Ziaur Rahman revolted against the Pakistan Army and took up the Bangladesh flag as its mainstay on the night between 26 and 27 March 1971. Then he took up the momentous decision of declaring the Independence of Bangladesh. Ziaur Rahman and his troops were in the forefront of the War of Independence. Major Zia and the armed forces under his command kept the Chittagong and Noakhali areas under control for a few days and went across the border for further preparations. Ziaur Rahman played a brilliant role in the War of Liberation both at the level of planning and execution. As the commander of Sector I up to June 1971, later on as the head of Z-Force, Ziaur Rahman distinguished himself as a brave warrior and was offered the gallantry award of Bir Uttam. After the most creditable performances during the nine-month war, he was appointed brigade commander in Comilla. In June 1972, he was made Deputy Chief of Staff of the armed forces of Bangladesh. In the middle of 1973, he became a Brigadier, and a Major General by the end of the year. When Khondakar Moshtaq Ahmad assumed the office of the presidency, Ziaur Rahman became the chief of army staff on 25 August 1975. When Khaled Mosharraf with the support of the Dhaka Brigade under the command of Shafat Jamil staged a coup d'etat on 3 November 1975, Ziaur Rahman was forced to resign his command and was put under house arrest. The Sepoy-Janata Biplob of 7 November, however, took him to the centre of political power. In fact, he had to assume the responsibility of managing the affairs of Bangladesh on the crest of the Sepoy-Janata Biplob. On 7 November 1975, Ziaur Rahman was proclaimed the Chief Martial Law Administrator. In a meeting at the army headquarters on the same day, a new administrative set-up for the running of an interim government was arranged with Justice Sayem as the Chief Martial Law Administrator and the three service chiefs, Major General Zia, Air Vice Marshal MG Tawab and Rear Admiral MH Khan, as Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrators. Ziaur Rahman became Chief Martial Law Administrator on 19 November 1976, when Justice Sayem relinquished his position and ultimately, the President of Bangladesh on 21 April 1977, when President Sayem resigned. After assuming office as head of the state Ziaur Rahman issued a proclamation order amending the Constitution to insert Bismiliah-ir-Rahmanir Rahim (In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful) in the Preamble of the Constitution. In Article 8(1) and 8(1A) the principle of 'absolute trust and faith in the Almighty Allah has been added. In Article 8(1), socialism has been defined as 'economic and social justice'. In Article 25(2) it has also been provided that "the state shall endeavour to consolidate, preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic solidarity." Ziaur Rahman introduced and popularised the new concept of Bangladeshi nationalism. He believed that in a plural society like Bangladesh where people are of diverse ethnicity and where they profess different faiths, have different cultural traits and various lifestyles, nationalism should better be conceptualised in terms of territory rather than language or culture. This is what he emphasised upon. Bangladeshi nationalism took firm root and shape as a unifying force with its emphasis on national unity and integration of all citizens of Bangladesh irrespective of caste, creed, gender, culture, religion and ethnicity. Assuming power, Zia immediately moved to restore law and order in the country and for the purpose strengthened the police force, practically doubling its size from 40,000 to 70,000 and arranging for their proper training. He also restored order in the armed forces. For the purpose, he took certain steps for the development of professionalism in them through rigorous training and restoring discipline. He expanded their strength substantially from less than 50,000 in 1974-75 to about 90,000 in 1976-77. Although Zia was successful in restoring discipline within the armed forces, he had to confront a number of mutinies and attempted coups forcing him to adopt certain stern actions against those who had taken part in those uprisings. A believer in democracy Zia moved as fast as he could to democratise the polity by re-instituting the institution of election either for enabling a political party to assume power or for transferring it to other political party peacefully. As a first step, that is why, he allowed the disbanded political parties to be revived and political activities to be carried on once again. Having that in view, he also disallowed the ban on the newspapers and inaugurated the free flow of news by making the news media free. For the same purpose, he re­ -instituted the independence of judiciary as the bulwark of rights of the people. The prevailing situation persuaded him to take part in active politics so that he could establish democratic order in the country. In February 1978 he floated Jatiyatabadi Ganatantric Dal with Vice President Justice Abdus Sattar as its head. Zia himself became the nominee of the Nationalist Front consisting of six political parties in the presidential election. He won a comprehensive victory by securing 76.67% of the votes. On 1 September 1978, a new political party, bangladesh nationalist party (BNP), was launched with Zia as its chairman. The parliamentary elections were held in February 1979 and BNP won 207 seats out of 300. On 1 April 1979, the first session of the jatiya sangsad was convened. On 9 April, martial law was lifted after the enactment of the Fifth Amendment. President Zia's dynamic economic policy laid emphasis on private sector development. A new development strategy designed to encourage the private entrepreneurs, both local and foreign, and to promote agricultural development through massive subsidies to the farmers was initiated. The process of handing over nationalised industries to their former owners began. Promotion of export of conventional and non-conventional goods became a national priority. Food production reached a new height and Bangladesh began exporting rice. To bring in dynamism in his action plan Zia put forward a 19-point programme, and that was designed to bring rapid socio-economic transformation in the country. The main thrust of the programme was self-reliance and rural uplift through people's participation. Its primary objectives were accelerated agricultural growth, population control, self-sufficiency in food, decentralisation of administration and greater incentives to the private sector. It was designed to meet the basic needs of the people and special needs of women, youths and workers, and it aimed at establishing a political order based on social justice. For bringing rapid socio-economic transformation in the country, President Zia transformed the politics of the country into a production-oriented one. He chalked out programmes of action for the purpose, terming these as revolutions and motivated his party men to realise those programmes through their devotion and commitment. The first of those was canal digging, and it was designed to supply adequate water to the farmers, especially during the lean season. The second was to remove illiteracy from the society so that an air of enlightenment might prevail all around using both formal and non-formal techniques all over the country. Moreover, motivational programmes were set on for the enhancement of productions both in the field and factories. The initiation of family planning programme, revolutionary as it was, was designed to stabilise population at a level which might be termed as optimum from the economic point of view. The institution of Gram Sarker aimed at enlisting the support of the people for a self-reliant Bangladesh, which president Zia advocated. Zia began executing his programme in right earnest and beneficial results were in sight. The excavation and re-excavation of more than 1,500 canals in a year and a half, record production of food grains in two successive years (1976-77 and 1977-78), an average annual GDP growth of 6.4% during 1975-78, a vigorous mass education campaign, introduction of village government (Gram Sarkar) and Village Defence Party (VDP) made deep impression in the minds of the people. Having the objectives of establishing good neighbourly relations with India and other South Asian countries on equal footing Zia started bringing in changes first at the internal setting through resurgence of nationalistic aspirations of the people and then by stabilising countervailing forces at the regional and international levels. The foreign policy goals were thus devised anew, and dynamic international relations were set on with a view to preventing Bangladesh from hurtling down to the abyss of dependence. At the regional level, Bangladesh developed a pattern of mutuality with such states as Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Maldives along with India so much so that it ultimately led to the forging of regional co-operation in the region for the first time in its history. At the international level, Bangladesh, then a lonely sojourner, picked up friends from both the right, centre and left and established a kind of viable comradeship amongst them. Bangladesh was lifted from the dead end of the Indo-Soviet axis and Indian hegemonic circle. Bangladesh came closer to the Muslim world of more than fifty states, which began to take fresh look at Bangladesh and its problems. One of the superpowers of the time became a good friend of Bangladesh, though its role was not people-friendly during the Liberation War. Bangladesh developed a good working relation with China. South East Asian countries were drawn closer. The distant Europe remained no longer disinterested in the affairs of Bangladesh. Through certain creative moves, he drew Bangladesh into the world of the liberal west, the fraternal middle East and West Asia, and the rising South East Asia. He attended many international conferences and visited dozens of countries to promote the cause of the nation's multilateral and bilateral relations. The dividend was rich. Bangladesh was elected to the Security Council in one of its non-permanent seats in 1978, and became actively involved in the activities of the UN members. In the middle East and West Asia Bangladesh emerged as a forceful actor. It was President Zia who conceived of the idea of, and initiated actions for, regional co-operation is South Asia. For the purpose, he visited these countries during 1979-80 to speak of the need to develop a framework for mutual co-operation. south asian association for regional cooperation (SAARC) was the outcome of his efforts, which was formally launched in Dhaka in 1985. Zia did not survive to see his dream come true. He was assassinated in Chittagong on 30 May 1981 i n an abortive army coup. He lies buried at Sher-e-Banglanagar, Dhaka.

hindi movi

NEWS PAPER

No event of such magnitude ever happened to the Bangalee people, in their eventful history of thousands of years. For the first time, Bangalee people fought for recognition as a distinct nation. And that very impossibility was becoming true with the maturation and rise of "Bangabandhu" Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, father of the nation and the tragic hero of our century.

At the moment of imminent defeat, the Pakistani military and their local collaborators (mostly fundamentalist Jamat-e-Islami cadars) started systematically killing the leading intellectuals. They killed university professors, writers, journalists, doctors, etc. The blueprint found after the war indicates their plan to make Bangladesh a "brainless land" by killing all intellectuals, step by step, up from the University professors, down to the primary school teachers. Thank god, they did not have enough time to execute the plan.

In December 14, the Paksitani military and local collaborators killed many of the leading intellectuls, including Munier Chowdhury, Shahidullah Kaiser, G.C. Dev, Muffazal Haider Chowdhury among others.

This is an attempt to provide brief life and works of each intelelctuls. Any information provided will be welcomed.






00 all in one

1. Amader Shomoy
2. Amar Desh
3. Ananda Bazar Patrika
4. BBC Bangla
5. Bhorer Kagoj
6. Daily Manabzamin
7. Daily Naya Diganta
8. Daily Sangram
9. Dainik Destiny
10. Digital Bangaldesh
11. Jai Jai Din
12. Khabarer Kagoj
13. Prothom-Alo
14. The Bangladesh Observer
15. The Daily Dinkal
16. The Daily Inqilab
17. The Daily Ittefaq
18. The Daily Janakantha
19. The Daily Jugantor
20. The Daily New Age
21. The Daily Shamokal
22. The Daily Star
23. The Independent
24. The New Nation
25. Voice of America in Bangla

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